As a demonstration project a comprehensive monitoring strategy is in place at FWU. This plan includes

Monitoring – understand CO₂ plume movement over short and long time periods

• Direct monitoring tests repeat air and water samples for seeps, leaks, and well-bore failure
• Seismic MVA utilizes time lapse seismic data at a variety of scales to image the CO₂ plume over time

Verification – assurance that CO₂ stays in target reservoir, doesn’t make it back to atmosphere

Accounting – accurately measure amount of stored carbon including storage mechanisms

A variety of CO₂ monitoring strategies are employed at FWU. Data collected from a variety of monitoring tools are examined on a frequent basis to ensure that no CO₂ leakage is occurring.

Detecting CO2 at Surface:

• Surface soil CO₂ flux
• Atmospheric CO₂/CH4 eddy flux
• Gas phase tracers

Detecting CO2 and/or other fluid migration in Target/Non-Target Reservoirs:

• Groundwater chemistry (USDWs)
• Water/gas phase tracers

Tracking CO2 Migration and Fate:

• In situ pressure & temperature
• 2D/3D seismic reflection surveys
• VSP and Cross-well seismic
• Passive seismic